Manufacture of brushes.



PATENTED JULY 7, l903.

J. F. MUMFORD.

MANUFACTURE 0F BRUSH-ES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1903.

NO MODEL.

n. E G w mi* k INVENTOR. 7 21m# -'W I ZM# Patented July 7, 1903.

PATENT QEEICE.

JOSEPH F. MUMFORD, /OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 733,251, dated July 7, 1903.

Application filed February 25, 1903. SerialNo. 144,934. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it' may concern: w Be it known that I, JOSEPH F. MUMFOED,

a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Brushes, which improvements are fully de scribed in the following specilication and accompanying drawings.

Myinvention relates to brushes such as are used for lather, paint, varnishing, dce., commonly called full centerg and it consists of certain novel means to secure and retain a knot of bristles within a preferred ferrule by placing within the ferrule a metallic cup containing a disk of metallic alloy and a disk of sulfur and gum as an adhesive, the said cup with the two disks being placed within the ferrule over the bristles so that the gum-sulfur disk will be next to the bristle ends. Heat is then applied to the cup, so as to cause the alloy and gum-sulfur disks to melt, and while in such state of fusion it is forced around the ends of the bristles to a desired depth, so as to bind said bristles, the cup at the same time being soldered fast to the inner wall of the ferrule, thus uniting the bristles, alloy, gum, sulfur, and ferrule all together, a handle of any of the well-known forms being then fastened to the free end of the ferrule, and therebyforming a brush, all of which will be fully described in the followingr specication and accompanying drawings and set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which show an example of my invention, Figure I is a perspective view of one of the metallic cups'l,`

the cup 1 having a portion out out, so as to show the metallic disk 2, which is also cut away to show the sulfur and gum disk 3, the side or rim ofthe cup l, as will be seen, being designated la la.

Fig. II is a sectional elevation of one of the brushes partly constructed, with the bristles 7 in the ferrule 4, the cup l with the disks 2 and 3 being shown in position over the bristles 7. Sis an iron plunger (to 'be heated) fitting neatly within the ferrule 4, the path of said plunger being shown by the dotted lines. The inner annular bead or stop 5, spun in the ferrule, is shown; also shown are the ends of the bristle-clamps l2, the section in this view being taken on the dotted line III III, Fig. IV.

Y Fig. III is a sectional elevation of a finished brush, section being taken on the dotted line lll III, Fig. IV, and shows the cup l in permanent place over the bristles. The disks 2 and 3 are shown as having been melted and adhering 1o the ends of the bristles 7 and a handle 9 is shown as being affixed to the fer rule 4L.

Fig. IV is a sectional plan ot' a portion of Fig. III, section being taken on the line IV IV of Fig. III and shows the fel-rule 4L andl cup l, a part of the cup being cutaway at the top thereof to show the bristles 7.

Similar iiguresof reference refer to similar parts throughout the several Views.

, The manufacture of brushes by this process is in detail as follows: The root ends of the bristles 7 are first dipped in a solution of muriate of tin and then allowed to dry. This will give the ends dipped a coating of tin. The knot of bristles 7, which is of sufficient density'to neatly ill the ferrule 4, is placed within the said ferrule to a desiredA point beyond the inner bead or stop 5, the bristles being held by a convenient clamp, sectional ends of which are shown in Fig. II, as at 12. It will be seen that the ferrule 4 rests upon the clamps, which form a support for the ferrule, the ferrule being guided and held in place by a convenient means.. (Not shown.) The cup l, which iscomposed of thin sheettin and holds the disk of alloy 2 and the adhesive sulfur disk 3, is now placed over the bristles 7, confined inthe ferrule 4, the said cup l fitting neatly within the ferrule. Now the metallic disk 2 is composed of an alloy of tin, lead, antimony, and bismuth and made in such proportions as to secure a very low point of fusibility when heat is properly applied thereto. I nd that the proportions in the following formula-viz., tin, thirty-iive per cent.; lead, thirty-five per cent.; bismuth, twenty per cent.; antimony, ten per cent. 5 total, onehundred per cent.-will make an alloy that will melt at about 240 Fahrenheit and fuse readily and will not injure the bristle ends, provided the disk 3 isinterposed between the disk 2 and the bristles '7, the

ICO

(i rl disk 3 being composed of a mixture of plain sulfur (S) and a strong resnous gum, which will have good adhesive qualities in the proportion of sulfur eighty parts, gum resin twenty parts. Now when the heated plunger 8,'which is a polished-iron tool fitting the inside of the ferrule 4, is forced down against the bottom of the invert-ed cup l, said plunger being heated to a temperature much above the melting-point of the disk 2, the said disk 2 will quickly fuse and imparting its heat to disk 3 that disk will also melt, the plunger 8 forcing the cup l, with its now liquid contents, down, so that the rim or side l of the cup will abut and rest against the beadstop 5, which is spun in the ferrule for this purpose. (See Figs. II and IH.) The cup 1, as before stated, fitting the ferrule neatly will act as a piston to force the melted alloy, sulfur, and gum down around the bristles, the heated plunger being withdrawn as quickly as possible after the cup l has been forced down to the bead 5, the material being then allowed to cool, after which a handle of the usual or a preferred type may be secured to the free end of the ferrule, thereby forming a brush. It will be seen in Fig. III, as at l0, that the alloy will naturally cling to the lnetallccup l or so much as is not forced down around the bristles. This film lO serves the purpose of limiting to some extent the said alloy to the inner portion of the cup 1 and soldering the rim 1L to the fer-rule 4 at the bead-stop 5, said bead having had a desirable fiux previously applied thereto, thus combining all the elements just describedviz., the cup l, the alloy 2, the gum and sulfur 3, the bristles '7, and the cup at la-to the ferrule 4 at the bead-stop 5. In making a brush by this means eXactness of quantity of material can be secured in each brush, and the nature of the elements used to bind the bristles will make a homogeneous metallic binding capable of resisting the ordinary solvents in which brushes are used.

Having thus described my invention, what and adhesive sulfur disk as a means to secure said bristles in and to said cup and ferrule, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The herein-described metal-bound brush, which consists of a bristle-containing ferrule having an inner annular bead, a knot of bristles in said ferrule, a metallic cup, a disk of alloy in said cup, a disk of adhesive material in said cup, as a means to secure said cup to said annular bead-stop, substantially as set forth.

3. The herein-described metal-bound brush, which consists of a bristle-containing ferrule having an annular bead or stop therein, a knot of acid-dipped bristles, a metallic cup, a disk of metal alloy in said cup, an adhesive sulfur disk in said cup, said disks in combination as a means to secure said bristles to said cup and as a means to secure said cup to said ferrule, substantially as set forth.

Li.' The herein-described metal-bound brush, which consists of an inwardly-beaded bristlecontaining ferrule, a knot of acid-dipped bristles, a metallic cup, an alloy disk in said cup, an adhesive sulfur disk in said cup, the combination of said alloy and sulfur disks as a means to secure said knot of bristles, a rim on said cup as a means to secure same to said ferrule, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH E. MUMEORD. [L 5.]

Witnesses:

ANNIE E. CAsEY, ALLEN G. MILLER. 

